Tuberculosis is a major infectious disease challenge in India, with undernutrition being one of the strongest risk factors influencing disease susceptibility, progression, and treatment outcomes. Poor nutritional status not only weakens immune responses but also complicates recovery during anti-tubercular therapy, making TB management more difficult in vulnerable populations. This project focuses on understanding the link between TB, nutritional status, immune response, and gut microbiota. It also includes an intervention approach aimed at gut microbiota modulation through nutrition-based strategies to support microbial balance and improve host immunity. The study aims to generate evidence for integrated approaches that combine nutrition and microbiome support in TB management. Overall, the expected outcome is improved treatment response and recovery in TB patients, along with better understanding of how nutrition and gut health can be used to strengthen TB control and improve public health outcomes.